Digital currencies backed by government banks face a number of challenges. However, more than a hundred countries are involved in projects, either in the planning stage or in full pilots.
The overall value of digital currencies of central banks (CBDC) will grow remarkably in the coming years. According to Juniper Research estimates, this value will rise from the current $100 million to $213 billion in 2030.
That year, 92% of the total value traded through central banks around the world will be paid domestically, as cross-border payment systems They still have adoption issues.
Digital currency, backed by traditional fiat money such as the US dollar or the British pound, can strengthen financial inclusion. Clients do not have to have a bank account to maintain them; instead, they can use encrypted “digital wallets” in the cloud, a computer or laptop, or even on a USB storage device.
Digital currencies would reduce printing costs and improve fraud detection
With a cross-border CBDC payment system, businesses could make cross-border payments for goods and services with much cheaper and faster settlements. Central bank-backed digital currencies would also reduce the costs of printing and replacing money, help improve fraud detection and would make it easier to trace and recover money paid to fraudsters.
Digital currencies also remove the anonymous nature of consumer cash transactions.
Adoption of digital currencies
The United States is very slowly adopting these currencies, especially compared to other countries like China. Australia, China, Thailand, Brazil, India, South Korea and *text muted* already have pilot programs or will start trial programs this year. In 2030, the Bank of England and the UK Treasury plan to launch a digital pound or CBDC ‘Britcoin’.
It is important which digital currency gets widespread adoption first because that government will be able to set the global rules for most of the others, according to Juniper Research. In this way, the forecast is that whoever first establishes large international payment systemsyou will have a de facto standard that latecomers will have to adopt.
In total, 114 countries, representing 95% of global GDP, are investigating the creation of digital currencies. 16% of the projects are in the pilot phase, 30% in development and 27% still in the research phase, according to the Atlantic Council.
Although there is a clear delay in the creation of these digital currencies, there is an awareness to start solving it
Although there is a clear delay in the creation of these digital currencies, the good news is that there is an awareness of it to begin to solve it.
For example, in March 2022, US President Joe Biden issued an executive order calling for more research into the development of a national digital currency through the Federal Reserve Bank. The order emphasized the need for increased regulatory oversight of cryptocurrencieswhich have been used for activities such as money laundering.
US lawmakers have also introduced bills that would allow the US Treasury to create a digital dollar that would allow people to make payments using tokens on mobile phones or through cards instead of cash.
The necessary regulatory framework
Since these digital currencies are issued by central banks, they will initially be primarily intended for domestic payments. Cross-border payments will come as systems are established and links are created between central banks used by individual countries.
This will also require a complex regulatory framework that includes privacy, consumer protection and anti-money laundering standards. Any new payment systems could also jeopardize the national security objectives of the country that uses them.
Juniper’s research also highlights that, currently, there is still a lack of enterprise product development around these coins, with few well-defined platforms for central banks to take advantage of, a limiting factor for today’s market.
To be successful, any CBDC platform would need a complete end-to-end financial network, including wholesale capabilities, digital wallet and business acceptance, according to Juniper Research.
However, for Gartner, one of the challenges for central banks will be figuring out how to enable a CBDC that adds value on top of existing payment systems.
initial image | Allison Saeng